经济学院知识库

       当前和今后一个时期，我国已转向高质量发展阶段，继续发展具有多方面优势和条件，同时发展不平衡不充分问题仍然客观存在，其中城乡发展不平衡不充分表现尤为突出。这不仅影响经济社会发展质量，同时也成为满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要的主要制约因素。对此，党和国家进行了一系列理论创新和实践探索，取得了巨大成就，城乡不平衡程度整体呈现稳步缩小态势，但仍需清醒认识到解决这一问题任重道远。十九大提出按照产业发展、生态宜居、乡风文明、治理有效、生活富裕的总要求，建立健全城乡融合发展体制机制，实施乡村振兴战略。实现城乡融合发展需要推进乡村振兴，产业振兴是乡村振兴的物质基础。河南省作为农业和人口大省，城乡二元结构带来的“三农”问题日益严峻，在国家倡导的城乡融合背景下，河南省如何抓住机遇，直面挑战，通过促进农村产业发展实现农业大省到农业强省的转变，是本文研究的主要目的。

  首先本文通过城乡融合和城乡一体化、乡村振兴等系列概念界定和马克思主义城乡融合发展理论及其现实意义分析，以及分工与协作、产业融合、交易成本等进行一系列经济理论梳理，又具体从市场供给和需求的角度、不同市场的利润获取角度、生产要素的角度、社会必要劳动时间的角度等四个方面分析城乡融合发展促进农村产业发展的内在逻辑。

  其次本文从定量的视角分析了河南省城乡融合发展与农村产业发展现状。从 经济实力看，河南省的GDP增长率和全国GDP增长率趋势保持相同，但总体上要略低于全国增速，河南省城乡发展悬殊是造成该现象的重要原因。通过比较劳动生产率、比较劳动生产率二元对比系数、收入二元对比系数3个指标来比较河南省城乡经济社会的状况，得出河南省的城乡经济的二元性结构还是很明显的结论。通过河南省各行政区人均国内生产总值的加权平均值，将河南省18个市，并将其划分为3个等级，区分不同等级的农业比较劳动生产率的变化趋势并分析其原因。通过查阅资料总结出河南目前从高效种养业、绿色食品业、乡村现代服务业三个方面来发展农村产业，同时分析得出河南省发展农村产业的四大优势。

  然后本文从定量的角度进行城乡融合发展视角下河南省农村产业发展评价，通过建立科学、完整、可操作性强的评价指标体系来评价各地区城乡融合背景下河南乡村产业发展状况，先运用熵值法对全国各省级数据进行评价，在经过分析评价之后得出结论与现实一致，经过验证之后再运用熵值法对河南省各行政区乡村产业进行分析评价，通过评价得到的综合指数将河南省行政区农业发展水平分为三类。通过定量分析河南农村产业发展现状，总结出城乡融合发展背景下河南省农村产业发展的问题所在。

  最后针对城乡融合发展背景下河南省农村产业发展的优势和难点。提出从加快建设城乡融合体系、以供给侧结构性改革为主线、抓住数字经济机遇，拓宽产供销链条、完善农村产业结构，促进农村一二三产业融合发展等四方面发展河南农村产业的建议。

At present and in the future, my country has turned to a stage of high-quality development. Continuing development has many advantages and conditions. At the same time, the problem of unbalanced and insufficient development still exists objectively, among which the unbalanced and insufficient development of urban and rural areas is particularly prominent. This not only affects the quality of economic and social development, but also becomes a major constraint to meeting the people's ever-growing needs for a better life. In this regard, the party and the country have carried out a series of theoretical innovations and practical explorations, and have made great achievements. The overall degree of urban-rural imbalance has shown a steady reduction, but it is still necessary to clearly realize that there is still a long way to go to solve this problem. The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to establish and improve the urban-rural integrated development system and mechanism, and implement the rural revitalization strategy in accordance with the general requirements of industrial development, ecological livability, rural civilization, effective governance, and affluent life. Realizing the integrated development of urban and rural areas requires promoting rural revitalization, and industrial revitalization is the material basis for rural revitalization. As a province with a large agricultural and population, Henan Province has become increasingly serious about the "three rural" problems brought about by the dual structure of urban and rural areas. Under the background of the integration of urban and rural areas advocated by the state, how can Henan Province seize the opportunity, face the challenge, and realize agricultural development by promoting the development of rural industries. The transformation from a large province to a strong agricultural province is the main purpose of this study.

    First of all, this paper sorts out a series of economic theories through the definition of urban-rural integration and urban-rural integration, rural revitalization and other concepts, the Marxist urban-rural integration development theory and its practical significance analysis, as well as division of labor and cooperation, industrial integration, transaction costs, etc. A series of economic theories are sorted out. From the perspective of market supply and demand, the perspective of profit acquisition in different markets, the perspective of production factors, and the perspective of social necessary labor time, the internal logic of urban-rural integrated development to promote the development of rural industries is analyzed.

    Secondly, this paper analyzes the current situation of urban-rural integration development and rural industrial development in Henan Province from a quantitative perspective. From the perspective of economic strength, the GDP growth rate of Henan Province remains the same as the national GDP growth rate, but it is generally slightly lower than the national growth rate. The disparity between urban and rural development in Henan Province is an important reason for this phenomenon. Comparing the economic and social conditions of urban and rural areas in Henan Province by comparing the labor productivity, the binary contrast coefficient of labor productivity, and the binary contrast coefficient of income, it is clear that the dual structure of the urban and rural economy in Henan Province is still very obvious. Through the weighted average of per capita GDP of each administrative region in Henan Province, 18 cities in Henan Province are divided into 3 grades, and the agricultural labor productivity of different grades is distinguished and analyzed. By consulting the data, it is concluded that Henan currently develops rural industries from three aspects: high-efficiency planting and breeding industry, green food industry, and rural modern service industry.

    Then this paper evaluates the development of rural industries in Henan Province from the perspective of urban-rural integration development from a quantitative point of view, and evaluates the development of rural industries in Henan under the background of urban-rural integration in various regions by establishing a scientific, complete and highly operable evaluation index system. The value method is used to evaluate the provincial data in the country. After the analysis and evaluation, the conclusion is consistent with the reality. After verification, the entropy value method is used to analyze and evaluate the rural industries of various administrative districts in Henan Province. The agricultural development level of the provincial administrative region is divided into three categories. Through quantitative analysis of the current situation of rural industrial development in Henan, the problems of rural industrial development in Henan Province under the background of urban-rural integration development are summarized.

    Finally, it aims at the advantages and difficulties of rural industrial development in Henan Province under the background of urban-rural integration. Suggestions on the development of rural industries in Henan from four aspects: speeding up the construction of an urban-rural integration system, focusing on supply-side structural reform, seizing the opportunities of the digital economy, broadening the production, supply and marketing chain, improving the rural industrial structure, and promoting the integrated development of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas.