统计与数据科学学院知识库

自改革开放以来，我国高等教育发展迅速，高等教育入学总量及高等教育毛入学率迅速上升。2018年我国高等教育毛入学率达到了48.1%，2019年达到了50%以上，这标志着我国高等教育正式迈入了普及化发展阶段。我国迅速发展的高等教育有效的满足了国民日益增长的接受高等教育的需求，使得更多国民有机会、有能力获得高等教育机会，但高等教育的逐渐普及并不意味着人人享有。国民在获得高等教育机会上依然存在竞争，竞争的形式主要表现在数量与质量两个方面。数量竞争表现为有多少国民可以获得高等教育机会，质量竞争表现在国民获得高等教育层次的高低。在数量竞争上，我国依旧存在弱势群体，而在质量竞争上，这一不平衡现象则更加严重。

弱势群体和不平衡现象背后的原因可从国民个体因素角度上进行剖析，个体因素主要反映在个体在经济、文化、社会因素等方面的差异，而这些因素可以用家庭资本这一概念进行概括。因此，个体在获得高等教育机会的过程中必然很大程度上受到了家庭资本的影响。本文以Bourdie的文化再生产理论为基础，结合学术界的相关研究，在微观角度上分析家庭资本对个体获得高等教育机会产生的影响，分析个体在获得高等教育机会过程中不平衡现象的原因。具体的，文章以家庭资本理论作为基础，借鉴学术界相关研究，从家庭经济资本、家庭文化资本、家庭社会资本三个维度选取变量，采用Logit模型研究家庭资本对个体获取高等教育机会的影响，具体可分为三项内容：1.研究家庭资本对个体获得高等教育机会的影响（数量竞争方面）。2.研究家庭资本对个体获得不同层次高等教育机会的影响（质量竞争方面）。3.研究在经济发展水平不同的地区，家庭资本对个体获得高等教育机会影响的异质性。研究结果表明：家庭资本对个体获得高等教育机会具有显著影响。对于获得不同层次的高等教育机会，家庭资本所产生的影响依旧显著，并且高等教育层次越高，家庭经济资本和家庭文化资本所产生的影响越大。在经济发展水平不同地区，三种维度的家庭资本均对个体获得高等教育机会产生了显著的影响，同时该效应具有异质性。

Since the reform and opening up, China's higher education has developed rapidly. The total enrollment and gross enrollment rate of higher education have increased rapidly. The gross enrollment rate of China's higher education has reached 48.1% in 2018 and more than 50% in 2019, which indicates that China's higher education has officially entered the stage of popularization. But it does not mean that people have more opportunities to receive higher education. There is still competition in the access to higher education opportunities, mainly in the form of quantity and quality. The quantity competition shows how many citizens can get higher education opportunities, and the quality competition shows the level of higher education. In quantity competition, there are still vulnerable groups in China, while in quality competition, the imbalance is more serious.

The reasons behind the disadvantaged groups and imbalances can be analyzed from the perspective of individual national factors. Individual national factors are mainly reflected in the differences between individuals in economic, cultural, and social factors, and these factors can be summarized by the concept of family capital. Therefore, individual citizens must be largely affected by family capital in the process of obtaining higher education opportunities. Based on Bourdieu’s cultural reproduction theory, combined with relevant academic research, this article analyzes the impact of family capital on individuals’ access to higher education opportunities from a micro perspective, and analyzes the imbalance in the process of nationals’ access to higher education opportunities. s reason. Specifically, the article uses family capital theory as a basis, draws on relevant academic research, selects variables from three dimensions of family economic capital, family cultural capital, and family social capital, and uses the Logit model to study the impact of family capital on individuals’ access to higher education opportunities. Specifically, it can be divided into three contents: 1. Study the impact of family capital on individuals' access to higher education opportunities (in terms of quantitative competition). 2. Study the impact of family capital on individuals' access to higher education opportunities at different levels (in terms of quality competition). 3. To study the heterogeneity of the influence of family capital on individuals' access to higher education opportunities in areas with different levels of economic development. The results of the study show that family capital has a significant impact on individuals’ access to higher education. For obtaining different levels of higher education opportunities, the impact of family capital is still significant, and the higher the level of higher education, the greater the impact of family economic capital and family cultural capital. In regions with different levels of economic development, the three dimensions of family capital have a significant impact on individuals' access to higher education opportunities, and the effect is heterogeneous.