经济学院知识库

        2014年，城乡居民基本养老保险的实施完善了我国基本养老保险制度。随着城乡居民基本养老保险的不断推行，参保人数逐年上升。然而，城乡居民基本养老保险的问题也不断暴露出来：从制度设计上，待遇确定与正常调整制度尚未健全、缴费激励机制不强；从政府角度来看，政府宣传不足、部分省市财政负担重；从缴费居民上，缴费意识浅、缺乏对政策的信任与收入不确定。究其原因，制度无法通过政府宣传进入缴费群体。

   本文从现行实施的城乡居民基本养老制度与实际问题出发，更加贴切的考虑到农民群体的实际诉求，对我国城乡居民基本养老保险在制度方面、政府管理方面、农民自身方面进行深入梳理和政策分析。第一，进行制度优化设计，将缴费模式、基础养老金调节模式、个人账户调节模式进行优化，使得基础养老金与个人账户的积累充分体现“多缴多得”与“长缴多得”。第二，改善政府管理，财政负担应综合各省实力，对于政府政策的实施应适应时代的潮流，将技术融入到政府服务。第三，引导缴费居民，综合考虑缴费居民的家庭负担情况，并提出转让土地承包经营权时，增加基础养老金的供给。

   在此基础之上，将考虑到土地保障功能的城乡居民基本养老制度进行优化测算，利用软件对其基础养老金、个人账户养老金、政府负担等进行测算，再根据现实施制度进行对比。

     In 2014, the implementation of the basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents improved my country's basic old-age insurance system. With the continuous implementation of basic endowment insurance for urban and rural residents, the number of insured persons has increased year by year. However, the problems of basic pension insurance for urban and rural residents have also been exposed: from the perspective of system design, the system for determining benefits and normal adjustments is not yet complete, and the payment incentive mechanism is not strong; from the perspective of the government, the government has insufficient publicity and heavy financial burdens in some provinces and cities. ; From the paying residents, the awareness of payment is shallow, the trust in the policy is lacking, and the income is uncertain. The reason is that the system cannot enter the paying group through government propaganda.

     Starting from the current implementation of the basic pension system for urban and rural residents and practical issues, this article more closely considers the actual demands of the farmer group, and conducts an in-depth review and policy analysis of the basic pension insurance for urban and rural residents in my country in terms of system, government management, and farmers themselves. . First, carry out the system optimization design, optimize the payment mode, basic pension adjustment mode, and personal account adjustment mode, so that the accumulation of basic pension and personal accounts fully reflects the "more pay more" and "long-term payment". Second, to improve government management, the financial burden should be integrated with the strength of each province, and the implementation of government policies should be adapted to the trend of the times, and technology should be integrated into government services. Third, guide the paying residents, comprehensively consider the family burden of the paying residents, and propose to increase the supply of basic pension when the land contractual management right is transferred. 

     On this basis, the basic pension system for urban and rural residents that takes into account the land security function will be optimized and calculated, and the basic pension, personal account pension, government burden, etc. will be calculated using software, and then compared and optimized based on the current implementation system. The treatment of the system scheme is generally better than that of the original system.