统计与数据科学学院知识库

改革开放四十年以来我国经济发展造成了严重的环境污染、资源过度消耗等问题，党和政府提出必须贯彻绿色发展理念，实现可持续发展。因此，研究我国绿色全要素生产率具有一定的现实意义。

本文首先描述了研究背景、目的及意义，对已有的文献进行了综述，介绍了相关的理论模型。其次以2003-2017年十五年的数据为基础，对中国285个地级以上城市的绿色全要素生产率进行了测算，并利用SFA分析环境变量对绿色全要素生产率的影响，并对剔除环境变量的投入产出进行绿色全要素生产率测算，对比差异。最后以绿色全要素生产率为被解释变量，环境规制为解释变量，金融发展、外商直接投资和政府财政能力为控制变量进行了空间效应回归。

研究发现，大部分城市的绿色全要素生产率偏低，且东部地区城市效率整体低于中部和西部地区城市。各城市效率的失真主要受到了管理无效率的影响，在剔除环境变量的影响之后，部分城市由于消除了管理无效率的影响而使绿色全要素生产率上升，其中东部地区城市上升最大且超过了中部和西部地区城市；而另一部分中、西部城市的绿色全要素生产率由于经济发展较慢而对资源环境破坏较小的“有利条件”被剔除后出现了下降的情况。通过空间杜宾模型的分析发现，环境规制会促使企业重视生产过程中的环境保护，从而刺激企业进行技术创新和产业升级，最终促进本城市的绿色全要素生产率。同时本城市的环境规制水平提高后会逼迫技术低、污染大的企业向周边城市转移，从而对周边城市的绿色全要素生产率产生不利的影响。环境规制促进金融发展为市场和企业带来更多的资金支持，帮助企业进行技术创新和产业升级，从而对本城市和相邻城市绿色全要素生产率产生积极的正面影响；环境规制促进外商直接投资会促进本城市的绿色全要素生产率提升，但对周边城市具有负向作用，但结果不显著；政府财政能力会抑制本城市和相邻城市绿色全要素生产率，说明财政能力强的地区绿色全要素生产率反而更低。最后建议政府充分发挥作用，提高管理效率，积极鼓励企业进行绿色升级，对高污染企业进行整改关停。尽快完善绿色GDP的评价标准，建立环保政绩考核和追责制度。推动城市间协同发展，协同治理，实现环境质量的同步改善；积极管控和指导本城市的金融发展，充分发挥外商直接投资的正向作用，加大科研环保投入，并加强知识产权保护，创造良好的市场环境。

Since the reform and opening up 40 years ago, China's economic development has caused serious environmental pollution, excessive consumption of resources and other issues. The Party and the government put forward that we must implement the concept of green development and achieve sustainable development. Therefore, it is of practical significance to study China's green total factor productivity.

Firstly, this paper describes the research background, purpose and significance, summarizes the existing literature, and introduces relevant theoretical models. Secondly, based on the fifteen-year data from 2003 to 2017, this paper calculates the green total factor productivity of 285 cities above prefecture level in China, analyzes the influence of environmental variables on green total factor productivity by SFA, and calculates the green total factor productivity of input and output excluding environmental variables, and compares the differences. Finally, taking green total factor productivity as the explanatory variable, environmental regulation as the explanatory variable, and financial development, foreign direct investment and government financial ability as the control variables, the spatial effect regression is carried out.

It is found that the green total factor productivity of most cities is low, and the overall urban efficiency in the eastern region is lower than that in the central and western regions. The distortion of urban efficiency is mainly affected by management inefficiency. After removing the influence of environmental variables, some cities have eliminated the influence of management inefficiency and made the green total factor productivity rise, among which the eastern cities have the largest increase and surpassed the central and western cities; However, the green total factor productivity of other central and western cities declined after the "favorable conditions" which caused less damage to resources and environment due to slow economic development were eliminated. Through the analysis of spatial Dubin model, it is found that environmental regulation will prompt enterprises to attach importance to environmental protection in the production process, thus stimulating enterprises to carry out technological innovation and industrial upgrading, and ultimately promoting the green total factor productivity of the city. At the same time, the improvement of the city's environmental regulation level will force the enterprises with low technology and heavy pollution to transfer to the surrounding cities, thus adversely affecting the green total factor productivity of the surrounding cities. Environmental regulation promotes financial development, brings more financial support to the market and enterprises, helps enterprises to carry out technological innovation and industrial upgrading, and thus has a positive impact on the green total factor productivity of this city and neighboring cities; The promotion of foreign direct investment by environmental regulation will promote the green total factor productivity of the city, but it has a negative effect on the surrounding cities, but the result is not significant; The government's financial ability will restrain the green total factor productivity of this city and its neighboring cities, which shows that the green total factor productivity of areas with strong financial ability is lower instead. Finally, it is suggested that the government should give full play to its role, improve management efficiency, actively encourage enterprises to carry out green upgrading, and rectify and shut down high-pollution enterprises. Improve the evaluation standard of green GDP as soon as possible, and establish an environmental performance evaluation and accountability system. Promote coordinated development and coordinated governance among cities to achieve simultaneous improvement of environmental quality; Actively control and guide the financial development of the city, give full play to the positive role of foreign direct investment, increase investment in scientific research and environmental protection, strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights, and create a good market environment.