经济学院知识库

近年来，我国经济发展步入新常态，作为“三驾马车”之一的消费对经济发展的拉动作用不断增强。在双循环格局下，更应将扩大国内消费需求，释放内需潜力作为推动经济增长的基本立足点。在互联网经济时代，互联网技术与社会经济活动的融合在一定程度上冲击着传统的交易模式和消费模式，使得居民的消费选择更加多样化。互联网发展会优化产业结构、提高生产和流通的效率从而降低商品价格，居民的实际收入水平提升，释放消费潜力，从而改善居民消费结构。随着互联网发展的不断广化和深化，研究互联网发展对居民消费结构的影响，对于激发城乡居民消费潜力，推动我国产业结构升级和居民消费结构的改善具有重要的意义。

本文首先对居民消费理论和相关文献进行归纳和整理，然后从收入效应、价格效应和市场范围效应三个方面分析了互联网发展影响居民消费结构的作用机理，并基于效用函数和预算约束方程推导出居民消费结构受互联网发展的影响。其次，基于西部地区居民消费整体概况和不同类型的消费进行城乡对比，并对互联网背景下的西部地区城乡居民消费特征进行总结。

在实证部分，本文收集整理了2003-2017年西部12省市的数据，运用空间SDM模型考察了互联网发展对居民消费结构的影响，并得出如下结论：（1）在2003-2017年，互联网发展总体上优化了西部地区的城镇居民的消费结构，促使消费从生存型向发展型、享受型转变，而对西部地区农村居民的消费结构的影响不大。（2）互联网发展不仅可以促进本地城镇居民消费结构升级，还可以优化其他地区的居民消费结构。（3）西部地区城镇居民和农村居民的消费结构受互联网发展的影响不同。（4）西部地区农村居民消费结构在不同阶段受互联网发展的影响不同，在2003-2007年、2008-2012年西部地区农村居民的消费结构在互联网发展的影响下未被明显的改善，2013-2017年西部地区农村居民消费结构在互联网的影响下得到显著改善，生存型消费降低，发展型和享受型消费提高。最后，就如何加强西部地区互联网发展改善居民消费结构提出了相关对策建议。

In recent years, China's economic development has entered a new normal. As one of the "three carriages", consumption has played an increasingly important role in driving economic development. Under the double cycle pattern, we should take expanding domestic consumption demand and releasing the potential of domestic demand as the basic foothold of promoting economic growth. In the era of Internet economy, the integration of Internet technology and social economic activities, to some extent, has impacted the traditional transaction mode and consumption mode, making residents' consumption choices more diversified. The development of the Internet will optimize the industrial structure, improve the efficiency of production and circulation, reduce commodity prices, increase the real income level of residents, release the consumption potential, and thus improve the consumption structure of residents. With the continuous expansion and deepening of the Internet development, studying the impact of the Internet development on the consumption structure of residents is of great significance for stimulating the consumption potential of urban and rural residents, promoting the upgrading of my country's industrial structure and improving the consumption structure of residents.

This article first to the residents' consumption theory and related literature are summarized and finishing, and then from the income effect, the price effect and scope of market effect three aspects analyzed the impact of the Internet development mechanism of the role of the residents' consumption structure, and based on utility function and the budget constraint equation is deduced residents' consumption structure is influenced by the development of the Internet. Secondly, based on the overall situation of residents' consumption in western China and different types of consumption, this paper makes a comparison between urban and rural areas, and summarizes the consumption characteristics of urban and rural residents in western China under the background of the Internet.

In the empirical part, this paper collects and sorts out the data of 12 provinces and cities in western China from 2003 to 2017, uses the spatial SDM model to examine the influence of Internet development on the consumption structure of residents, and draws the following conclusions:  (1) From 2003 to 2017, the development of the Internet has generally optimized the consumption structure of urban residents in western China, and promoted the transformation of consumption from subsistence type to development type and enjoyment type, while had little impact on the consumption structure of rural residents in western China. (2) The development of the Internet can not only promote the upgrading of local urban residents' consumption institutions, but also optimize the consumption structure of residents in other regions. (3) The consumption structure of urban residents and rural residents in the western region is differently affected by the development of the Internet. (4) The consumption structure of rural residents in western China is affected differently by the development of the Internet at different stages. In 2003-2007 and 2008-2012, the consumption structure of rural residents in western China was not significantly improved under the influence of the development of the Internet. From 2013 to 2017, the consumption structure of rural residents in western China has been significantly improved under the influence of the Internet, with a decrease in subsistence consumption and an increase in development-oriented and enjoy-oriented consumption. Finally, it puts forward relevant countermeasures and suggestions on how to strengthen the Internet development in the western region and improve the consumption structure of residents.