金融学院知识库

银行业以其在金融机构中86%的占比成为监管当局重点监管对象，其业务不断创新，经营管理水平渐佳，但也存在久期错配、业务风险、监管套利等导致银行个体风险累积的因素。2017年以来，金融监管力度加大，进入强监管周期。随着银行乱象整治工作的开展和金融监管政策的相继出台，监管体系不断完善，金融监管的强度越来越高，覆盖面越来越广，但金融强监管的步伐不会减慢。金融监管政策从不同视角对银行资产质量有不同程度的约束，不良资产的认定标准正日趋细化和严格，资产质量的考核评估也愈加严格，银行整体资产质量应得以提升，银行个体风险的衡量指标也均证明其得以有效控制。然而，我国不同属性银行具备的功能多样，业务开展情况也错落不齐，在2017年进入金融强力监管周期以来，存在部分银行受到资产质量约束后，触发风险暴露底线，因而面临破产。综合来看，金融强监管对不同类型银行资产质量和个体风险的影响存在差异化。

本文基于国内外学者对相关主题研究的学术成果，选取资产质量这一角度进行研究。在明确研究背景和意义、掌握资产质量约束和银行个体风险相关基础理论的基础上，对金融强监管、资产质量约束和银行个体风险的现状及其相互之间的影响路径进行分析，提出研究假设。构建双重差分模型研究金融强监管对商业银行资产质量和个体风险的影响，构建固定效应模型研究商业银行资产质量约束对其个体风险产生的影响。通过对理论和实证结果的分析得到了如下结论：一是商业银行资产质量与其个体风险呈显著负相关；二是金融强监管对大型银行个体风险冲击不明显，但加剧了中小型商业银行个体风险；三是金融强监管提高了小微型商业银行的资产质量，降低了中型商业银行的资产质量；四是在金融强监管背景下资产质量约束对商业银行个体风险有着显著的影响，且存在差异化。针对上述研究结论，提出以下几点对策建议：第一，监管当局精准施策，推进差异化监管；第二，重点关注中小型商业银行；第三，从商业银行角度来说，应当提高内部运营水平和资产管理水平，健全信息披露和共享制度。

The banking industry has become the focus of supervision by regulatory authorities because it accounts for 86% of the financial institutions. Its business continues to innovate, and its management is getting better. However, there are still some factors such as duration mismatches, business risk, and regulatory arbitrage which could lead to accumulation of individual bank risks. Since 2017, financial supervision has been intensified and the year is also a beginning of a strong supervision period. With the rectification of the chaos in banking industry and continuous policies introduced, the financial regulation system has been successively improved to a new level of higher extension and larger area. However, the regulation brake will not be held for now.On the one hand, various financial regulatory policies imposed constraints on the quality of bank assets in different degrees and from different perspectives. The standards to identify toxic assets are becoming more detailed and strict, and asset quality assessments are also becoming more stringent. As a response, the quality of assets held by commercial banks should be better.The shandards of risk also shows that risk has been effetive controled. On the other hand, Chinese commercial banks have multiple functions, and different business conditions. Although 2017 is followed by a strong financial supervision cycle, risk exposures are still existing in many banks, some of them are even facing the risk of bankruptcy. It indicates that the impact of strong financial supervision on the asset quality and individual risks of different types of banks is divergent.

Based on the academic achievements of domestic and foreign scholars on related topics , this paper choose to study the problem from the perspective of asset quality. On the basis of clarifying the research background and significance, mastering the basic theories related to asset quality constraints and individual risks of banks, this paper analyzes the current situation of strong financial supervision, asset quality and individual bank risks and their mutual influence, then it puts forward research hypotheses. The dual difference model is constructed to study the impact of strong financial supervision on asset quality and individual risk of commercial banks. Similarly, by constructing a fixed effects model, the author studies the impact of assetquality constraints on individual risks of commercial banks.Through the analysis of theoretical and empirical results, the following conclusions can be drawn:In the first place, the asset quality of commercial banks is negatively correlated with their individual risks.In the next place , the impact of strong financial supervision on the individual risk of large banks is not obvious, but it has enhanced the individual risks of small and medium-sized commercial banks; Thirdly, through strong financial regulation has improved the asset quality of small and micro commercial banks,it has counterproductived the asset quality of medium-sized commercial banks. Fourth,under the background of strong financial supervision, asset quality constraints have a significant impact on the individual risks of commercial banks, and there are differences. In view of the above research conclusions, several countermeasures are as follows: first of all, the regulatory authorities need to implement precise policies to promote differentiated oversight; second,focus on small and medium-sized commercial banks ;lastly, from the perspective of commercial banks , they are expected to improve the level of internal operation and asset management, in the meantime，they ought to build up wholesome information disclosure and sharing system.