经济学院知识库

  改革开放以来，我国经济取得了飞速发展，产业规模日益提升，然而传统的以要素驱动增长的发展模式使我国的环境遭到了破坏。不仅如此，高污染、高耗能产业比重偏高成为制约我国城市产业结构转型的最重要因素，要想实现经济发展方式的转变与产业结构的优化升级，就必须依靠创新驱动发展战略，但是现阶段要想实现经济社会的可持续发展，也应重视环境问题。十八大我国提出生态文明建设，作为中国“五位一体”建设总体布局中重要一环，绿色产业必将成为我国未来经济建设中的重中之重。因此，实现产业结构的转型升级，需平衡好环境规制与科技创新间的关系。探究两者协同对产业结构转型的影响，对加快我国产业结构的转型，实现环境规制与技术创新协调发展，具有重要的理论和实践意义。

  本文以中国120个地级市为研究对象，参照聂雷和郭忠兴将中国地级市依照职能划分成资源型、工业主导型、区域综合型和其他类型四大类的实证结果，归纳梳理了环境规制、技术创新和产业结构转型方面的重要理论，整理分析了相关文献，总结出已有研究成果和不足之处，并系统分析了环境规制对产业结构转型、环境规制对产业结构转型、技术创新对产业结构转型的作用机制，其中本文将环境规制对产业结构转型的作用机制分为不考虑中介效应和基于技术创新的中介效应进行分析，为实证探究提供了理论基础。在此基础上，选取指标测度了环境规制、技术创新和产业结构转型，对我国120个地级市中各类型城市的环境规制、技术创新、产业结构进行特征事实分析，并选取 2008-2017 年我国120个地级市的面板数据进行面板回归分析和门槛回归分析，探究环境规制、技术创新对产业结构转型的影响。

  实证结果表明，⑴ 环境规制、技术创新对不同类型职能城市的产业结构转型具有差异性影响；⑵ 对资源型城市而言，基于技术创新的中介作用，随着环境规制强度增加，产业结构合理化程度下降。在环境规制与技术创新的共同作用下，技术创新水平提升会推动产业结构高级化程度；⑶ 对工业主导型城市而言，随着环境规制与技术创新水平协同发展，技术创新水平越高，越能推动产业结构向高级化方向发展；⑷ 对区域综合型城市而言，环境规制强度对产业结构高级化的影响存在着基于技术创新的门槛效应，即随着环境规制强度的提升，对产业结构高级化的正向促进作用越强。以技术创新为门槛变量时，技术创新水平越强，环境规制对产业结构高级化产生正向影响越大；⑸ 对其他类型城市而言，环境规制、技术创新与产业结构转型间不存在非线性关系。根据以上结论，本文提出了提升环境规制、推动技术创新，进一步加快我国产业结构转型发展的政策与建议。

  Since the reform and opening up, China's economy has achieved rapid development, and the industrial scale is increasing. However, the traditional development mode of factor driven growth has seriously damaged the environment of our country. Not only that, China's industrial structure has been in the low-end level for a long time, with poor profitability and low added value. At present, China has entered a new normal. In order to realize the transformation of economic development mode and the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, we must rely on innovation driven development strategy and encourage innovation as the first driving force to promote the transformation of industrial structure.However, in order to realize the sustainable development of economy and society, we should also pay attention to environmental issues.Therefore, to achieve the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure, we need to balance the relationship between environmental regulation and technological innovation. It is of great strategic and practical significance to explore the impact of the synergy of the two on the transformation of industrial structure, so as to accelerate the transformation of China's industrial structure and realize the coordinated development of environmental regulation and technological innovation.

  This paper takes 120 cities in China as the research object, referring to the empirical results that Nie Lei and Guo Zhongxing divide China's prefecture level cities into four types according to their functions: resource-based, industry-oriented, regional comprehensive and other types. Firstly, this paper summarizes the important theories of environmental regulation, technological innovation and industrial structure transformation; secondly, it sorts out the relevant literature on the relationship among the three, and summarizes the results The existing research results and shortcomings are concluded.Then it systematically analyzes the effect of environmental regulation on the transformation of industrial structure, technological innovation on the transformation of industrial structure and the mechanism of environmental regulation on the transformation of industrial structure mediated by technological innovation, which provides a theoretical basis for the following empirical analysis. Then it summarizes the measurement of environmental regulation, technological innovation and the transformation of industrial structure, and determines the measurement of the three in this paper, Then it systematically analyzes the impact of environmental regulation on the transformation of industrial structure and technological innovation on the transformation of industrial structure, and then analyzes the status quo of environmental regulation, technological innovation and industrial structure in 120 prefecture level cities in China Based on the panel data of 120 cities in China, this paper makes panel regression analysis and threshold regression analysis to explore the impact of environmental regulation and technological innovation on the transformation of industrial structure.

  The empirical results show that: Firstly, the impact of environmental regulation and technological innovation on different types of functional cities is different. Secondly, for resource-based cities, based on the intermediary role of technological innovation, with the increase of environmental regulation intensity, the rationalization degree of industrial structure decreases. Under the joint action of environmental regulation and technological innovation, the upgrading of technological innovation will promote the upgrading of industrial structure. Thirdly, for the industry-oriented cities, with the coordinated development of environmental regulation and technological innovation, the higher the level of technological innovation, the more advanced the industrial structure. Fourthly, for regional comprehensive cities, the impact of environmental regulation intensity on the upgrading of industrial structure has a threshold effect based on technological innovation, that is, with the improvement of environmental regulation intensity, the positive promotion effect on the upgrading of industrial structure is stronger. When technological innovation is taken as the threshold variable, the stronger the level of technological innovation, the greater the positive impact of environmental regulation on the upgrading of industrial structure. Fifthly, for other types of cities, there is no nonlinear relationship between environmental regulation, technological innovation and industrial structure transformation. According to the above conclusions, this paper puts forward some policies and suggestions to improve environmental regulation, promote technological innovation, and further accelerate the transformation and development of China's industrial structure.