国际经济与贸易学院知识库

       产业结构的转型升级问题是实现中国经济持续稳定和高质量发展的关键问题，如何实现以创新驱动促进产业结构升级将是决定中国经济发展质量、提升全球价值链地位和实现从中等收入国家向高收入国家迈进的关键所在。长江经济带作为经济占据全国40%以上重点区域，以此为研究对象来探讨创新驱动对产业结构升级的影响效应，对于丰富创新与产业理论和实现产业结构转型升级均具有十分重要的意义。
       本文从创新驱动影响产业结构升级的作用机理出发，基于创新投入产出视角来评价创新驱动效率，从产业结构高级化与合理化两个维度来分析产业结构升级的演进，并结合创新驱动对产业结构影响特点，运用计量模型进行多维度的分析，在梳理相关地区发展特点与创新驱动影响产业结构升级的作用机制后，提出促进产业结构升级的政策建议。
       本文的主要研究结论有：首先，通过超越对数生产函数对基于要素投入的创新驱动效率进行了测算，发现各地区创新效率呈现上升的趋势，且地区之间的差距呈现出缩小的规律。其次，将产业结构升级分为高级化与合理化两个维度，经测度发现，各地区产业结构高级化和合理化水平不断提高，下游地区的产业结构升级效果明显优于中、上游地区，近几年高级化与合理化水平较低地区呈现出追赶效应。最后，对创新驱动影响产业结构升级的特点进行了分析，研究发现：创新发展能通过优化要素资源配置、增强产业关联和优势产业的发展等方面综合促进产业结构向合理化方向不断发展。在下游地区创新驱动能较为有效的促进产业结构升级，在高级化与合理化两个维度均能产生正向推动作用，下游地区较好的经济基础、制度保障和政策环境促使创新成果的有效转化达到推动产业结构转型升级的目的。在中游地区创新能显著驱动产业合理化演进而对高级化的推进则稍弱，说明创新在提升中游地区要素产出效率和科技产品落地等方面相对较弱，而在通过创新改善资源配置结构方面做的更为有效。上游地区创新对于产业结构升级的驱动效应并不显著，说明创新在落实于生产制造、技术改进和资源配置方面存在一定程度的缺陷。通过对分层级的创新驱动产业结构升级和影响路径进行分析，发现在产业结构高级化水平越高的地方创新驱动高级化演进的效率越低，说明在长江经济带产业高级化程度较高地区并未形成有效的产业创新领导优势。在产业结构合理化水平越高的地方创新驱动合理化演进的效率越高，说明在长江经济带产业合理化程度较高地区能更好的利用创新来改善资源配置结构。创新驱动产业结构升级的一个重要影响路径是提升工业企业的生产效率，当技术创新在工业企业中广泛应用，产业结构的高级化与合理化演进也将大幅推进。

    The transformation and upgrading of industrial structure is a key issue to achieve sustained and stable and high-quality development of China's economy. How to achieve innovation-driven promotion of industrial structure upgrading will be the key to determine the quality of China's economic development, enhance the status of global value chain and realize the move from middle-income countries to high-income countries. The Yangtze River Economic Belt, as a key region with an economy occupying more than 40% of the country's total, is of great significance in enriching innovation and industrial theory and realizing the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure by taking this as the research object to explore the impact of innovation-driven on the upgrading of industrial structure.

    This paper starts from the mechanism of innovation-driven affecting industrial structure upgrading, evaluates the efficiency of innovation-driven based on the perspective of innovation input and output, analyzes the evolution of industrial structure upgrading from two dimensions of industrial structure upgrading and rationalization, and combines the impact characteristics of innovation-driven on industrial structure, uses econometric model to conduct multidimensional analysis, and after combing the development characteristics of relevant regions and the mechanism of innovation-driven affecting industrial structure upgrading, puts forward policy recommendations to promote industrial structure upgrading.

    The main research conclusions of this paper are as follows: Firstly, the innovation-driven efficiency based on factor inputs is calculated by the transcendental logarithmic production function. It is found that the innovation efficiency of each region is on the rise, and the regional disparities are on the decline. Secondly, the upgrading of industrial structure is divided into two dimensions of upgrading and rationalization. Through measurement, it is found that the level of upgrading and rationalization of industrial structure in each region is continuously improving. The upgrading effect of industrial structure in the downstream region is significantly better than that in the middle and upstream regions. In recent years, the regions with lower level of upgrading and rationalization have shown catch-up effect. Finally, the paper analyzes the characteristics of innovation-driven affecting the upgrading of industrial structure, and finds that innovation development can comprehensively promote the continuous development of industrial structure in the direction of rationalization by optimizing the allocation of essential resources, strengthening industrial linkages and the development of advantageous industries. In the downstream region, innovation-driven can effectively promote the upgrading of industrial structure. It can play a positive role in both upgrading and rationalization dimensions. The better economic foundation, system guarantee and policy environment in the downstream region promote the effective transformation of innovation achievements to achieve the purpose of promoting the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure. In the middle reaches, innovation can significantly drive the rationalization and evolution of the industry, while the promotion of upgrading is slightly weak, indicating that innovation is relatively weak in terms of improving the output efficiency of key elements and landing of scientific and technological products in the middle reaches, while it is more effective in improving the structure of resource allocation through innovation. The driving effect of upstream innovation on the upgrading of industrial structure is not significant, indicating that innovation has certain degree of defects in the implementation of production and manufacturing, technological improvement and resource allocation. Through the analysis of hierarchical innovation-driven industrial structure upgrading and impact path, it is found that the higher the level of industrial structure upgrading, the lower the efficiency of innovation-driven advanced evolution, indicating that no effective industrial innovation leadership advantage has been formed in the region with higher level of industrial upgrading in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The higher the level of rationalization of industrial structure, the higher the efficiency of innovation-driven rationalization evolution, indicating that innovation can be better used to improve the structure of resource allocation in regions with higher degree of industrial rationalization in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. An important impact path of innovation-driven industrial structure upgrading is to improve the production efficiency of industrial enterprises. When technological innovation is widely applied in industrial enterprises, the upgrading and rationalization evolution of industrial structure will also be greatly promoted.