经济学院知识库

城市化是人类社会发展的必然进程，高度的城市化代表着人类社会发展的高级化和先进化，但城市化快速发展的同时也存在着不可忽视的农村发展问题。城市和农村相辅相成，如何在城市化快速发展进程中处理好城乡发展的关系，是政府和社会各界普遍关注的重要问题。中国对城乡关系这个重要问题的思考先后经历了“统筹城乡”、“城乡一体化”、“新型城镇化”、“乡村振兴”、“城乡融合”等阶段，各个阶段有其特定的发展背景，主要表现为处理城乡不协调发展这个主要矛盾。在高质量发展阶段，促使人口向城市有效集聚，充分发挥人口集聚的经济效应和农村农业经营的规模化效应，对当下破解中国城乡发展矛盾，推动城乡协调发展起到积极作用。

本文认为在高质量发展背景下，中国城乡劳动生产率已由“城乡发展差距不断扩大”转向“城乡发展逐渐收敛”阶段，城乡劳动生产率出现收敛迹象，通过促使人口向城市有效集聚加速提升农村劳动生产率，可以加快城乡劳动生产率收敛步伐，推动中国城乡协调发展进程。基于理论和经验分析，以2006—2018年中国省级面板数据为样本数据，对所提出的理论假设及其内在机理进行了实证检验。研究发现：（1）人口集聚对城市和农村劳动生产率均具有显著的正向促进作用，且对农村劳动生产率的提升作用大于城市，为本文研究的理论假设提供了经验支持。城市“加人”所产生的集聚经济和农村“减人”所产生的农业规模化效应对劳动生产率的提高均具有显著促进作用，验证了本文的理论机理，并且农业规模化效应可以加速提升农村劳动生产率，进一步加快城乡劳动生产率收敛的步伐。（2）分区样本数据回归结果显示，东、中、西部地区人口集聚对城乡劳动生产率均存在显著促进作用，且可以加速提升农村劳动生产率，通过分区实证检验再次证明了人口集聚能够促进城乡劳动生产率收敛，进而推动城乡协调发展的理论假设。（3）中部地区集聚效应大于东部地区，利用好集聚优势能有效推动中部地区城乡协调发展。西部地区应通过促使人口集聚，打造西部中心城市群和都市圈，创造本地经济增长极，进而有效推动城乡协调发展。

Urbanization is an inevitable process of the development of human society. High-level urbanization represents the advanced and advanced development of human society. However, with the rapid development of urbanization, there are also rural development issues that cannot be ignored. Cities and rural areas complement each other. How to handle the relationship between urban and rural development in the process of rapid urbanization is an important issue that the government and all walks of life are generally concerned about. China’s thinking on the important issue of urban-rural relations has successively gone through the stages of "Coordination of Urban and Rural", "Urban and Rural Integration", "New Urbanization", "Rural Revitalization", and "Urban and Rural Integration". Each stage has its own specific development background. The main manifestation is to deal with the main contradiction of the uncoordinated development of urban and rural areas. In the stage of high-quality development, promoting effective population agglomeration in cities, giving full play to the economic effects of population agglomeration and the scale effect of rural agricultural operations, play a positive role in solving the current contradiction between urban and rural development in China and promoting the coordinated development of urban and rural areas.

This article believes that in the context of high-quality development, China’s urban-rural labor productivity has shifted from "increasing urban-rural development gap" to the stage of "gradual convergence of urban-rural development." Urban and rural labor productivity is showing signs of convergence, and the increase in rural labor productivity is accelerated by promoting effective population agglomeration in cities. Can accelerate the pace of urban and rural labor productivity convergence, and promote the coordinated development of China's urban and rural development. Based on theoretical and empirical analysis, using China’s provincial panel data from 2006 to 2018 as sample data, the proposed theoretical hypothesis and its internal mechanism have been empirically tested. The study found that: (1) Population agglomeration has a significant positive effect on urban and rural labor productivity, and the effect on rural labor productivity is greater than that in cities, which provides empirical support for the theoretical hypotheses studied in this paper. The agglomeration economy produced by urban "increasing people" and the agricultural scale effect produced by rural "reducing people" both have a significant promotion effect on the increase of labor productivity, which verifies the theoretical mechanism of this article, and the scale effect of agriculture can accelerate the increase in rural areas. Labor productivity has further promoted the convergence of labor productivity in urban and rural areas. (2) The regression results of regional sample data show that population agglomeration in the eastern, central, and western regions has a significant promotion effect on urban and rural labor productivity, and can accelerate the improvement of rural labor productivity. The regional empirical test once again proves that population agglomeration can promote urban and rural labor productivity Convergence, and then promote the theoretical hypothesis of the coordinated development of urban and rural areas. (3) The agglomeration effect of the central region is greater than that of the eastern region, and making good use of the advantages of agglomeration can effectively promote the coordinated development of urban and rural areas in the central region. The western region should promote the agglomeration of the population, build the western central city clusters and metropolitan areas, create local economic growth poles, and effectively promote the coordinated development of urban and rural areas.