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能否有效进行乡村环境治理是建设美丽乡村、实现农业可持续发展的关键。社会资本与乡村环境治理之间存在紧密联系，是实现乡村环境治理的必要条件。通过发挥社会资本在乡村环境治理中的组织协调、促进沟通和规范参与等功能，能有效打破农户参与乡村环境治理的信息不对称，破除“搭便车”的集体行为困境，充分发挥农户在乡村环境治理过程中的微观主体作用。

本文结合相关文献与农村实际情况，对农户参与乡村环境治理的行为方式与社会资本进行定义。农户参与乡村环境治理分为绿色生产与人居环境整治两方面，社会资本主要由社会网络、社会信任及社会规范构成。以此为基础，在农户行为理论、嵌入性社会结构理论、集体行动理论等的指导下，在理论层面分析了社会资本三大核心要素，即社会网络、社会信任与社会规范对农户参与乡村环境治理行为的影响。而后本文对农户参与乡村环境治理行为特征与社会资本现状进行统计分析，在此基础上构建了农户乡村环境治理行为参与水平评价指标体系，并采用主成分分析法对其进行了测度，最后构建有序probit模型与结构方程模型，利用甘肃省1139份农户微观数据，对其作用路径进行了检验。实证结果表明：①农户参与乡村环境治理行为仍存在较大的提升空间；②社会网络与社会信任在农户的生活中仍占据重要地位，社会规范的制约作用有待发掘；③社会网络能够通过影响经济理性与生态认知间接激励农户参与乡村环境治理；④社会信任能提升农户获取信息的效率，约束农户的“搭便车行为”，是结合个人利益与集体利益、保障农户参与乡村环境治理的合作基础；⑤社会规范可通过行为约束机制与互动学习机制影响农户参与乡村环境治理；⑥社会信任对社会规范作用的发挥有正向调节作用。根据实证结果，社会资本在信息传递、集体行为约束方面有重要影响，能有效协调农户参与乡村环境治理行为。基于此，本文从搭建农村信息交流平台、推进农村诚信建设与加强农村社会规范建设三个方面提出农户参与乡村环境治理的提升路径。

It is important to perform rural environmental governance (REG) effectively if the government want to protect the environment of countryside and cultivated land. There is a strong link between social capital (SC) and REG, therefore, it is necessary to lay emphasis on the effect of social capital on REG. Because of the communication access, cooperation mechanism and norm constriction, SC can break the information asymmetry of farmers' participation in REG and break the dilemma of "free riding" collective behavior and give full play to the role of farmers, who are the micro subject in the process of REG.

This paper defines the farmers' behavior of rural environmental governance and SC. The behavior of REG can be divided into two aspects: green production and human settlement cleaning. Social capital is mainly composed of social network, social trust and social norms. On this basis, this paper makes a statistical analysis of farmers’ behavior of REG and SC. With the support of farmers' behavior theory and embedded social structure theory, this paper analyzes the impact of SC on farmers’ behavior of REG, and constructs an evaluation index system of farmers' behavior of REG. Finally, the ordered probit model and structural equation model are constructed, and the effect path is tested by using 1256 samples of farmers. The results show that: (1) The behavior of REG still has room for improvement; (2) despite social norms, social network and social trust are important in farmers' life; (3) social network can indirectly motivate farmers to participate in REG;(4) social trust can restrict farmers' “free riding” behavior to ensure farmers' participation in REG; ⑤ social norms encourage farmers participate in REG through behavior constraint mechanism and interactive learning mechanism; ⑥social trust has a positive moderation effect on social norm. According to these results, social capital can effectively encourage farmers taking part in REG. Based on this, this paper gives method to encourage household’ behavior: building Online Accounts, awarding households with good credit and laying emphasis on rural norms.