国际经济与贸易学院知识库

        2020 年东盟成为中国最大的贸易伙伴，双方 95%的贸易商品实现了零关税， 非关税因素引起的贸易不便利是造成中国与东盟贸易非效率的关键。贸易效率的 大小能反映一国贸易表现以及贸易中存在的阻碍因素。而贸易便利化如何减少贸 易阻碍促进中国对东盟的出口效率是本文研究的重点。

        首先对贸易便利化、贸易效率的定义以及前者对后者的作用机理进行分析， 接着构建指标体系并测算出 2010-2019 年中国和东盟的贸易便利化水平，然后利 用随机前沿分析方法，“一步法”回归贸易便利化对中国与东盟出口效率的影响， 同时将四个领域的贸易便利化措施分别回归。

       东盟贸易便利化的回归结果显示，东盟贸易便利化水平的提升能带动中国对 东盟出口效率的提高，运输基础设施、海关环境、规制环境与信息技术应用均与 中国对东盟的出口效率显著正相关，其中，海关环境的促进作用最大。从中国贸 易便利化的回归结果看，中国的运输基础设施指标对中国与东盟出口效率显著正 相关，而规制环境指标显著抑制了出口效率。贸易效率大小表明，2010 年中国对 东盟的出口效率值为 0.43，2019 年增加为 0.68，整体看，出口效率呈现出上升趋势。

       为了进一步提高中国与东盟的出口贸易效率，中国在建设并改善自身运输基 础设施的同时，应提高与东盟各国运输基础设施的互联互通性。中国有关部门应 该意识到自贸区升级《议定书》中纳入海关程序与贸易便利化的重要性，并积极 与东盟各国海关当局一同促进海关程序的简化，建立电子化海关，加快推进自贸 区内单一窗口的应用。

        ASEAN has become China's largest trading partner. 95% of the goods of both sides have achieved zero tariff. Therefore, the trade inconvenience caused by non-tariff factors is the key to the inefficiency of trade between China and ASEAN. The size of trade efficiency can reflect the trade performance of a country and the obstacles in trade. How to reduce trade barriers and promote China's export efficiency to ASEAN is the focus of this paper.

        First, the definition of trade facilitation and trade efficiency and the mechanism of the former on the latter are analyzed. Then, the trade facilitation level of China and ASEAN in 2010-2019 is calculated. Then, the frontier analysis method is used to "one-step" to return to the influence of trade facilitation on China's export efficiency to ASEAN, and the measures of trade facilitation in four fields are respectively returned.

        The results show that the improvement of ASEAN trade facilitation can promote the export efficiency of China to ASEAN. The transport infrastructure, customs environment, regulatory environment and information technology application are positively related to the export efficiency of China to ASEAN, among which, the promotion of customs environment is the most important. From the perspective of China, the transport infrastructure index is significantly positive correlation to the export efficiency of China and ASEAN, while the environmental regulation index significantly inhibits the export efficiency. The trade efficiency shows that from 2010 to 2019 China's export efficiency to ASEAN increased from 0.43 to 0.68. Overall, the export efficiency shows an upward trend.

        In order to further improve the efficiency of export trade between China and ASEAN, China improves the connectivity of transport infrastructure with ASEAN countries while improving its own transport infrastructure construction. Relevant departments of China should be aware of the importance of integrating customs procedures and trade facilitation in the protocol, and actively promote the simplification of customs procedures with the customs authorities of ASEAN countries, establish electronic customs, and accelerate the application of single window in the free trade zone.