国际经济与贸易学院知识库

纽约湾区、旧金山湾区、东京湾区是全球三大湾区。其中，东京湾区以制造业为主导产业发展成为产业湾区，GDP总量在全球湾区经济中位居第一。东京湾区拥有天然海港、人口红利、交通便利、开放度高等优势，同时兼具首都圈功能，为制造业转型升级提供便利，形成全球制造业布局。

本文选取2008-2017年东京湾区相关指标数据，通过构建制造业转型升级综合评价指数，利用熵值法从效率化、绿色化、高度化、智能化4个方面综合，测度东京湾区制造业转型升级水平。结果发现，东京湾区的效率化水平、绿色化水平等指标初期呈下降趋势，后期缓慢上升；东京湾区制造业升级水平总体处于上升趋势。效率化、绿色化等初期下降可能与2008年金融危机造成全球产业效率等整体下滑有关。

通过对东京湾区制造业转型升级原因分析得出：湾区转型升级应重视顶层规划、科技创新、环境保护、区域协同、配套生产性服务业、合理对外直接投资。东京湾区制造业转型升级经验，对我国粤港澳大湾区制造业规划也有一定启示：即制定产业政策，实行整体布局；利用要素禀赋，多元化发展，避免同质化竞争；重视创新开发，加强创新资源整合；注重环境保护，绿色发展。

Tokyo Bay area, one of the three largest Bay areas in the world, ranks first in the global economy in terms of GDP and is a famous industrial Bay area. After World War II, the bay area manufacturing industry gradually recovered and upgraded, and the bay area manufacturing industry transformed from primary processing industry to intelligent manufacturing industry. The Tokyo Bay area has the advantages of natural harbor, demographic dividend, convenient transportation and high openness. At the same time, it also has the function of capital circle, providing convenience for the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry in Tokyo Bay area.

This paper selects the relevant index data of Tokyo Bay area from 2008 to 2017, constructs the comprehensive evaluation index of manufacturing transformation and upgrading, and uses entropy method to comprehensively measure the transformation and upgrading level of manufacturing industry in Tokyo Bay area from four aspects of efficiency, green, high-level and intelligent. The results show that the efficiency level and green level of Dongjing Bay area show a downward trend at the initial stage, and slowly increase in the later stage The upgrading level of manufacturing industry in Tokyo Bay area is on the rise. The initial decline of efficiency may be related to the overall decline of global industrial efficiency caused by the financial crisis in 2008. This paper uses VAR model to measure the impact of technological innovation, government policy support, foreign direct investment and producer services agglomeration on the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry in Tokyo Bay area.

The results show that all of the four factors can promote the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry. Among them, the level of technological innovation has the greatest impact. Through the analysis of the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry in Tokyo Bay area, it is concluded that the transformation and upgrading of the bay area should attach importance to top-level planning, technological innovation, environmental protection, regional coordination, supporting producer services, and reasonable foreign direct investment. It also has some enlightenment on the development of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao Bay Area in China: the development of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao Bay area should formulate industrial policies and implement unified planning; make use of factor endowment to develop differently and avoid homogeneous competition; attach importance to scientific and technological innovation and strengthen the construction of innovation system; pay attention to environmental protection and green development.