经济学院知识库

  随着以土地和劳动力为代表的传统生产要素在经济活动中的比较优势持续减弱，制度供给对经济发展的重要性不断凸显，当前，营商环境是衡量一个城市竞争力的关键指标，不断优化城市营商环境，是实现城市经济转型升级的必然选择。陕西的产业结构以第二产业为主导，而在陕西的工业经济中，能源和军工行业是主要优势所在，当前经济发展模式不可持续，亟待转型升级。无疑，优化营商环境，增强民营经济实力，成为解决这一问题的重要突破口。

  首先，本文对国内外城市营商环境的相关研究进行述评，对相关经济理论进行梳理，对城市营商环境的概念做出界定，在此基础上，使用主成份分析法构建城市营商环境评价指标体系，对2013到2018年间陕西城市营商环境的发展水平进行测度。其次，在陕西城市营商环境的综合比较中，西安市营商环境长期稳居全省首位，紧随其后的是宝鸡市和榆林市，安康市和商洛市的营商环境则排名靠后；在城市营商环境分指标比较中，研究发现陕西城市营商环境的显著提升与政务环境的优化密不可分，而人力资本环境、社会服务环境和生态环境是制约陕西城市营商环境进一步优化的短板。再次，在分区域城市营商环境评价中，关中地区城市营商环境最好，且呈现出不断优化的趋势；陕北地区营商环境次之，优化进程较为缓慢，逐步与关中地区拉开差距；陕南地区营商环境较差，但优化势头强劲。最后，文章基于前文研究结论，提出以下对策：以建设服务型政府为目标引导政务环境改善；以优化经济结构为抓手推动人力资本环境改善；以满足群众需求为导向促进社会服务环境改善；以落实绿色发展理念为引领助力生态环境改善；以参与一带一路建设为契机推动市场环境改善；以完善交通网络为中心促进基础设施环境改善。

   With the gradual weakening of the comparative advantages of traditional production factors such as land and labor, the importance of institutional supply to economic development has become increasingly prominent. At present, the business environment is a key indicator to measure the competitiveness of a city. Continuously optimizing the city's business environment is an inevitable choice for the transformation and upgrading of the urban economy. The industrial structure of Shaanxi Province shows that the secondary industry occupies a dominant position. In the industrial economy of Shaanxi Province, energy and military industries are the main advantages. The current economic development model is unsustainable and urgently needs to be transformed and upgraded. Undoubtedly, optimizing the business environment and enhancing the strength of the private economy have become an important breakthrough in solving this problem.

  First of all, it reviews the relevant research on the urban business environment at home and abroad, combs the relevant economic theories, and defines the concept of the urban business environment. This paper uses the principal component analysis method to construct the urban business environment evaluation index to measure the development level of the urban business environment in Shaanxi from 2013 to 2018. Second, in the comprehensive comparison of the business environment of Shaanxi cities, Xi’an has long ranked first in the province for business environment, followed by Baoji and Yulin, while the cities with the lowest business environment are Ankang and Ankang. Shangluo City: In the comparison of urban business environment sub-indices, the study found that the significant improvement of the urban business environment in Shaanxi is inseparable from the optimization of the government environment, and the human capital environment, social service environment and ecological environment are constraints on the optimization of the urban business environment in Shaanxi Shortcomings. Third, in the evaluation of the business environment of cities in the sub-region, the business environment in Guanzhong is the best, and it shows a constant trend. The business environment in northern Shaanxi is the second, and the optimization process is relatively slow, gradually widening the gap with the Guanzhong area. The business environment in southern Shaanxi is poor, and the optimization momentum is strong. Finally, based on the previous research conclusions, the article proposes the following countermeasures: to build a service-oriented government to guide the improvement of the government environment; to optimize the economic structure to promote the improvement of the human capital environment; to meet the needs of the people to promote the improvement of the social service environment; Implement the concept of green development to lead and promote the improvement of the ecological environment; take the opportunity of participating in the construction of the One Belt and One Road to promote the improvement of the market environment; and promote the improvement of the infrastructure environment with the improvement of the transportation network as the center.