统计与数据科学学院知识库

目前资源耗竭、环境恶化已成为现阶段经济发展难以逾越的“瓶颈”，严重威胁着经济增长和社会进步，政府各部门也高度重视经济与资源环境协调可持续发展问题。生态效率是衡量经济-资源-环境复合生态系统协调发展的综合指标，可以很好地反映经济和资源环境协调发展水平；且产业结构与生态效率关系密切，经济增长的资源节约和环境友好程度取决于产业结构合理化和高级化水平。基于此，本文以产业结构优化升级视角建立空间杜宾模型，从直接效应和空间溢出效应分析产业结构优化升级对生态效率的影响，这对于调整优化我国产业结构，促进经济-资源-环境复合系统的可持续发展具有重要的应用价值。

文章首先通过梳理国内外文献得出产业结构对生态环境有重要影响；其次界定了产业结构优化升级和生态效率的基本内涵与理论基础，分析了产业结构优化升级对生态效率的影响机制。在此基础上，测算并评价产业结构优化升级和生态效率水平。测算结果表明：产业结构合理化程度整体有上升趋势，并呈现阶段性波动特征；产业结构高级化水平呈现逐年上升趋势，但与发达国家相比发展较为落后；我国省域生态效率水平从东部沿海地区到西部地区逐渐降低，且具有明显的“俱乐部效应”分布特征；同时我国各省域的生态效率区域差异明显并逐渐扩大。最后基于2000-2016年我国省际面板数据，通过构建空间杜宾模型研究产业结构优化升级对生态效率的空间效应。研究结果表明：我国生态效率存在显著的全局空间相关性和局部空间自相关；产业结构合理化对本省生态效率水平的提升作用不明显，却对邻近地区的生态效率水平产生了积极影响；产业结构高级化对本省及相邻省份的生态效率提升均具有明显的正向拉动作用；控制变量中，经济发展水平与外贸依存度既能提升本省的生态效率水平，也带来了显著的“正外部效应”，能源消费结构、城镇化水平、环境规制对生态效率有抑制作用；技术进步、外资利用对生态效率的影响不显著，没有发挥其应有的作用。

In today’s world, depletion of resource and environment degradation have become an insurmountable “bottleneck” for economic development, which is a serious threat to economic growth and social progress. At present, people attach great importance to the coordinated and sustainable development of the economy and resources. Ecological efficiency is an effective measure and management means for the coordinated and sustainable development of the economy-resource-environment composite system. It can comprehensively reflect the actual level of coordinated development of the economy and resources and environment. Ecological efficiency is closely related to industrial structure. The resource conservation and environmental friendliness of economic growth depend on the rationalization and advanced level of industrial structure. Therefore, This paper stands on the perspective of industrial structure optimization and upgrading, and analyzes the impact of industrial structure optimization and upgrading on ecological efficiency by establishing a spatial Dubin model. The above analysis has important application value in China to actively transform the economic development mode and promote the coordinated and sustainable development of the economic-resource-environment composite system.

Firstly, the article draws the conclusion from domestic and foreign literature that the industrial structure has an important impact on the ecological environment. Secondly, I defined the basic connotation and theoretical basis of industrial structure optimization and upgrading and ecological efficiency, and analyzed the impact mechanism of industrial structure optimization and upgrading on ecological efficiency. On the basis of the above, I measured and analyzed the industrial structure optimization and upgrading and ecological efficiency level. The calculation results have the following three aspects. The degree of rationalization of industrial structure has an overall upward trend, and it presents periodic fluctuation characteristics. The level of industrial structure is increasing year by year, but it is relatively backward compared with developed countries. The level of eco-efficiency in China's provinces has gradually decreased from the eastern coastal areas to the western regions, and it has a clear "club effect" distribution characteristics. At the same time, the regional differences in ecological efficiency of various provinces in China have gradually expanded. Finally, based on the inter-provincial panel data of China from 2000 to 2016, the spatial effect of industrial structure optimization and upgrading on eco-efficiency was studied by using the spatial Dubin model. The results show that there is significant global spatial correlation and local spatial autocorrelation in China's ecological efficiency. The rationalization of industrial structure has no obvious effect on the improvement of eco-efficiency level in this province, but it has a positive impact on the eco-efficiency level of neighboring regions. The advanced industrial structure has obvious positive pulling effect on the ecological efficiency improvement of the province and neighboring provinces. Among the control variables, the level of economic development and the dependence on foreign trade can not only improve the ecological efficiency level of the province, but also bring about a significant “positive external effect”. The energy consumption structure, urbanization level, and environmental regulation have an inhibitory effect on ecological efficiency; Progress of technology and foreign capital utilization have no significant impact on ecological efficiency and have not played their due role.